Global Energy Bar Market 2022-2031 by Product Type (Protein Bar, Nutrition Bar, Cereal Bar, Fiber Bar), Nature (Organic, Conventional), Flavor (Fruit, Chocolate, Nut, Mixed), End User (Adults, Kids), Application (Bodybuilders, Pro/Amateur Athletes, Others), Distribution Channel, and Region: Trend Forecast and Growth Opportunity
- Report ID: 29858
- Date: Jun, 2022
- Pages: 158
- Category: Consumer Goods
Global energy bar market will reach $6,597.3 million by 2031, growing by 5.8% annually over 2021-2031, driven by the increasing health-conscious consumer preference for convenient snacks, growing awareness of the benefits of energy bars, growth of digital marketing and social media influencers & athletes, emergence of novel products coupled with the entry of new market players, and increasing urbanization and household income.
Highlighted with 81 tables and 85 figures, this 158-page report “Global Energy Bar Market 2021-2031 by Product Type (Protein Bar, Nutrition Bar, Cereal Bar, Fiber Bar), Nature (Organic, Conventional), Flavor (Fruit, Chocolate, Nut, Mixed), End User (Adults, Kids), Application (Bodybuilders, Pro/Amateur Athletes, Others), Distribution Channel, and Region: Trend Forecast and Growth Opportunity” is based on a comprehensive research of the entire global energy bar market and all its sub-segments through extensively detailed classifications.
Profound analysis and assessment are generated from premium primary and secondary information sources with inputs derived from industry professionals across the value chain. The report is based on studies on 2018-2021 and provides forecast from 2022 till 2031 with 2021 as the base year.
(Please note: The report will be updated before delivery so that the latest historical year is the base year and the forecast covers at least 5 years over the base year.)
In-depth qualitative analyses include identification and investigation of the following aspects:
• Market Structure
• Growth Drivers
• Restraints and Challenges
• Emerging Product Trends & Market Opportunities
• Porter’s Fiver Forces
The trend and outlook of global market is forecast in optimistic, balanced, and conservative view by taking into account of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The balanced (most likely) projection is used to quantify global energy bar market in every aspect of the classification from perspectives of Product Type, Nature, Flavor, End User, Application, Distribution Channel, and Region.
Based on Product Type, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue ($ mn) for 2021-2031 included in each section.
• Protein Bar
• Nutrition Bar
• Cereal Bar
• Fiber Bar
Based on Nature, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue ($ mn) for 2021-2031 included in each section.
• Organic Products
• Conventional Products
By Flavor, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue ($ mn) for 2021-2031 included in each section.
• Fruit Flavor
• Chocolate Flavor
• Nut Flavor
• Mixed Flavors
By End User, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue ($ mn) for 2021-2031 included in each section.
• Adults
• Kids
By Application, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue ($ mn) for 2021-2031 included in each section.
• Bodybuilders
• Pro/Amateur Athletes
• Other Applications
By Distribution Channel, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue ($ mn) for 2021-2031 included in each section.
• Specialty Stores
• Online Sales Channels
• Hypermarkets & Supermarkets
• Convenience Stores
• Other Distribution Channels
Geographically, the following regions together with the listed national/local markets are fully investigated:
• North America (U.S., Canada, and Mexico)
• Europe (Germany, UK, France, Spain, Italy, Netherlands, Rest of Europe; Rest of Europe is further segmented into Russia, Switzerland, Poland, Sweden, Belgium, Austria, Ireland, Norway, Denmark, and Finland)
• APAC (Japan, China, South Korea, Australia, India, and Rest of APAC; Rest of APAC is further segmented into Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, New Zealand, Vietnam, Taiwan, and Philippines)
• South America (Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Rest of South America)
• MEA (UAE, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Other Nations)
For each aforementioned region and country, detailed analysis and data for annual revenue ($ mn) are available for 2021-2031. The breakdown of all regional markets by country and split of key national markets by Product Type, Nature and Distribution Channel over the forecast years are also included.
The report also covers current competitive scenario and the predicted trend; and profiles key vendors including market leaders and important emerging players.
Selected Key Players:
Brighter Foods Ltd.
Cliff Bar & Company
General Mills Inc.
Kellogg Company
Kind LLC
McKee Foods Corporation
NuGo Nutrition
Premier Nutrition Inc
Probar LLC
Quest Nutrition
(Please note: The report will be updated before delivery so that the latest historical year is the base year and the forecast covers at least 5 years over the base year.)
1 Introduction 8
1.1 Industry Definition and Research Scope 8
1.1.1 Industry Definition 8
1.1.2 Research Scope 9
1.2 Research Methodology 12
1.2.1 Overview of Market Research Methodology 12
1.2.2 Market Assumption 13
1.2.3 Secondary Data 13
1.2.4 Primary Data 13
1.2.5 Data Filtration and Model Design 14
1.2.6 Market Size/Share Estimation 15
1.2.7 Research Limitations 16
1.3 Executive Summary 17
2 Market Overview and Dynamics 20
2.1 Market Size and Forecast 20
2.1.1 Impact of COVID-19 on World Economy 21
2.1.2 Impact of COVID-19 on the Market 23
2.2 Major Growth Drivers 25
2.3 Market Restraints and Challenges 30
2.4 Emerging Opportunities and Market Trends 33
2.5 Porter’s Fiver Forces Analysis 37
3 Segmentation of Global Market by Product Type 41
3.1 Market Overview by Product Type 41
3.2 Protein Bar 43
3.3 Nutrition Bar 44
3.4 Cereal Bar 45
3.5 Fiber Bar 46
4 Segmentation of Global Market by Nature 47
4.1 Market Overview by Nature 47
4.2 Organic Products 49
4.3 Conventional Products 50
5 Segmentation of Global Market by Flavor 51
5.1 Market Overview by Flavor 51
5.2 Fruit Flavor 53
5.3 Chocolate Flavor 54
5.4 Nut Flavor 55
5.5 Mixed Flavors 56
6 Segmentation of Global Market by End User 57
6.1 Market Overview by End User 57
6.2 Adults 59
6.3 Kids 60
7 Segmentation of Global Market by Application 61
7.1 Market Overview by Application 61
7.2 Bodybuilders 63
7.3 Pro/Amateur Athletes 64
7.4 Other Applications 65
8 Segmentation of Global Market by Distribution Channel 66
8.1 Market Overview by Distribution Channel 66
8.2 Specialty Stores 68
8.3 Online Sales Channels 69
8.4 Hypermarkets & Supermarkets 70
8.5 Convenience Stores 71
8.6 Other Distribution Channels 72
9 Segmentation of Global Market by Region 73
9.1 Geographic Market Overview 2021-2031 73
9.2 North America Market 2021-2031 by Country 77
9.2.1 Overview of North America Market 77
9.2.2 U.S. 81
9.2.3 Canada 84
9.2.4 Mexico 86
9.3 European Market 2021-2031 by Country 88
9.3.1 Overview of European Market 88
9.3.2 Germany 92
9.3.3 U.K. 94
9.3.4 France 96
9.3.5 Spain 98
9.3.6 Italy 100
9.3.7 Netherlands 102
9.3.8 Rest of European Market 104
9.4 Asia-Pacific Market 2021-2031 by Country 106
9.4.1 Overview of Asia-Pacific Market 106
9.4.2 Japan 110
9.4.3 China 113
9.4.4 Australia 115
9.4.5 India 117
9.4.6 South Korea 119
9.4.7 Rest of APAC Region 121
9.5 South America Market 2021-2031 by Country 123
9.5.1 Argentina 126
9.5.2 Brazil 128
9.5.3 Chile 130
9.5.4 Rest of South America Market 132
9.6 MEA Market 2021-2031 by Country 133
9.6.1 UAE 136
9.6.2 Saudi Arabia 138
9.6.3 South Africa 140
9.6.4 Other National Markets 142
10 Competitive Landscape 143
10.1 Overview of Key Vendors 143
10.2 New Product Launch, Partnership, Investment, and M&A 146
10.3 Company Profiles 147
Brighter Foods Ltd. 147
Cliff Bar & Company 149
General Mills Inc. 150
Kellogg Company 151
Kind LLC 152
McKee Foods Corporation 153
NuGo Nutrition 154
Premier Nutrition Inc 155
Probar LLC 156
Quest Nutrition 157
RELATED REPORTS 158
List of Tables
Table 1. Snapshot of Global Energy Bar Market in Balanced Perspective, 2021-2031 18
Table 2. World Economic Outlook, 2021-2031 22
Table 3. Main Product Trends and Market Opportunities in Global Energy Bar Market 33
Table 4. Global Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 41
Table 5. Global Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 47
Table 6. Global Energy Bar Market by Flavor, 2021-2031, $ mn 51
Table 7. Global Energy Bar Market by End User, 2021-2031, $ mn 57
Table 8. Global Energy Bar Market by Application, 2021-2031, $ mn 61
Table 9. Global Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 66
Table 10. Global Energy Bar Market by Region, 2021-2031, $ mn 74
Table 11. Leading National Energy Bar Market, 2021 and 2031, $ mn 76
Table 12. North America Energy Bar Market by Country, 2021-2031, $ mn 79
Table 13. U.S. Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 83
Table 14. U.S. Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 83
Table 15. U.S. Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 83
Table 16. Canada Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 85
Table 17. Canada Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 85
Table 18. Canada Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 85
Table 19. Mexico Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 87
Table 20. Mexico Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 87
Table 21. Mexico Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 87
Table 22. Europe Energy Bar Market by Country, 2021-2031, $ mn 91
Table 23. Germany Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 93
Table 24. Germany Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 93
Table 25. Germany Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 93
Table 26. U.K. Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 95
Table 27. U.K. Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 95
Table 28. U.K. Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 95
Table 29. France Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 97
Table 30. France Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 97
Table 31. France Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 97
Table 32. Spain Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 99
Table 33. Spain Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 99
Table 34. Spain Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 99
Table 35. Italy Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 101
Table 36. Italy Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 101
Table 37. Italy Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 101
Table 38. Netherlands Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 103
Table 39. Netherlands Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 103
Table 40. Netherlands Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 103
Table 41. Energy Bar Market in Rest of Europe by Country, 2021-2031, $ mn 105
Table 42. APAC Energy Bar Market by Country, 2021-2031, $ mn 108
Table 43. Japan Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 112
Table 44. Japan Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 112
Table 45. Japan Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 112
Table 46. China Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 114
Table 47. China Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 114
Table 48. China Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 114
Table 49. Australia Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 116
Table 50. Australia Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 116
Table 51. Australia Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 116
Table 52. India Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 118
Table 53. India Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 118
Table 54. India Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 118
Table 55. South Korea Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 120
Table 56. South Korea Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 120
Table 57. South Korea Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 120
Table 58. Energy Bar Market in Rest of APAC by Country/Region, 2021-2031, $ mn 122
Table 59. South America Energy Bar Market by Country, 2021-2031, $ mn 125
Table 60. Argentina Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 127
Table 61. Argentina Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 127
Table 62. Argentina Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 127
Table 63. Brazil Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 129
Table 64. Brazil Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 129
Table 65. Brazil Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 129
Table 66. Chile Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 131
Table 67. Chile Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 131
Table 68. Chile Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 131
Table 69. MEA Energy Bar Market by Country, 2021-2031, $ mn 135
Table 70. UAE Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 137
Table 71. UAE Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 137
Table 72. UAE Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 137
Table 73. Saudi Arabia Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 139
Table 74. Saudi Arabia Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 139
Table 75. Saudi Arabia Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 139
Table 76. South Africa Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, $ mn 141
Table 77. South Africa Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, $ mn 141
Table 78. South Africa Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, $ mn 141
Table 79. Brighter Foods Ltd.: Company Snapshot 147
Table 80. Brighter Foods Ltd.: Business Segmentation 148
Table 81. Brighter Foods Ltd.: Product Portfolio 148
List of Figures
Figure 1. Research Method Flow Chart 12
Figure 2. Bottom-up Approach and Top-down Approach for Market Estimation 15
Figure 3. Global Market Forecast in Optimistic, Conservative and Balanced Perspectives, 2021-2031 17
Figure 4. Global Energy Bar Market, 2021-2031, $ mn 20
Figure 5. Impact of COVID-19 on Business 23
Figure 6. Primary Drivers and Impact Factors of Global Energy Bar Market 25
Figure 7. GDP per capita in the World, 1990-2020, $ thousand 28
Figure 8. Forecast of Middle-class Population by Region, 2015-2030, million 29
Figure 9. Primary Restraints and Impact Factors of Global Energy Bar Market 30
Figure 10. Investment Opportunity Analysis 34
Figure 11. Porter’s Fiver Forces Analysis of Global Energy Bar Market 37
Figure 12. Breakdown of Global Energy Bar Market by Product Type, 2021-2031, % of Revenue 42
Figure 13. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2022-2031 by Product Type, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 42
Figure 14. Global Energy Bar Market by Product Type: Protein Bar, 2021-2031, $ mn 43
Figure 15. Global Energy Bar Market by Product Type: Nutrition Bar, 2021-2031, $ mn 44
Figure 16. Global Energy Bar Market by Product Type: Cereal Bar, 2021-2031, $ mn 45
Figure 17. Global Energy Bar Market by Product Type: Fiber Bar, 2021-2031, $ mn 46
Figure 18. Breakdown of Global Energy Bar Market by Nature, 2021-2031, % of Sales Revenue 48
Figure 19. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2022-2031 by Nature, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 48
Figure 20. Global Energy Bar Market by Nature: Organic Products, 2021-2031, $ mn 49
Figure 21. Global Energy Bar Market by Nature: Conventional Products, 2021-2031, $ mn 50
Figure 22. Breakdown of Global Energy Bar Market by Flavor, 2021-2031, % of Sales Revenue 52
Figure 23. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2022-2031 by Flavor, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 52
Figure 24. Global Energy Bar Market by Flavor: Fruit Flavor, 2021-2031, $ mn 53
Figure 25. Global Energy Bar Market by Flavor: Chocolate Flavor, 2021-2031, $ mn 54
Figure 26. Global Energy Bar Market by Flavor: Nut Flavor, 2021-2031, $ mn 55
Figure 27. Global Energy Bar Market by Flavor: Mixed Flavors, 2021-2031, $ mn 56
Figure 28. Breakdown of Global Energy Bar Market by End User, 2021-2031, % of Revenue 58
Figure 29. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2022-2031 by End User, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 58
Figure 30. Global Energy Bar Market by End User: Adults, 2021-2031, $ mn 59
Figure 31. Global Energy Bar Market by End User: Kids, 2021-2031, $ mn 60
Figure 32. Breakdown of Global Energy Bar Market by Application, 2021-2031, % of Revenue 62
Figure 33. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2022-2031 by Application, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 62
Figure 34. Global Energy Bar Market by Application: Bodybuilders, 2021-2031, $ mn 63
Figure 35. Global Energy Bar Market by Application: Pro/Amateur Athletes, 2021-2031, $ mn 64
Figure 36. Global Energy Bar Market by Application: Other Applications, 2021-2031, $ mn 65
Figure 37. Breakdown of Global Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel, 2021-2031, % of Revenue 66
Figure 38. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2022-2031 by Distribution Channel, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 67
Figure 39. Global Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel: Specialty Stores, 2021-2031, $ mn 68
Figure 40. Global Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel: Online Sales Channels, 2021-2031, $ mn 69
Figure 41. Global Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel: Hypermarkets & Supermarkets, 2021-2031, $ mn 70
Figure 42. Global Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel: Convenience Stores, 2021-2031, $ mn 71
Figure 43. Global Energy Bar Market by Distribution Channel: Other Distribution Channels, 2021-2031, $ mn 72
Figure 44. Global Market Snapshot by Region 73
Figure 45. Geographic Spread of Worldwide Energy Bar Market, 2021-2031, % of Sales Revenue 74
Figure 46. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2022-2031 by Region, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 75
Figure 47. North American Energy Bar Market, 2021-2031, $ mn 78
Figure 48. Breakdown of North America Energy Bar Market by Country, 2021 and 2031, % of Revenue 79
Figure 49. Contribution to North America 2022-2031 Cumulative Market by Country, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 80
Figure 50. U.S. Energy Bar Market, 2021-2031, $ mn 82
Figure 51. Canada Energy Bar Market, 2021-2031, $ mn 84
Figure 52. Energy Bar Market in Mexico, 2021-2031, $ mn 86
Figure 53. European Energy Bar Market, 2021-2031, $ mn 89
Figure 54. Breakdown of European Energy Bar Market by Country, 2021 and 2031, % of Revenue 90
Figure 55. Contribution to Europe 2022-2031 Cumulative Market by Country, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 91
Figure 56. Energy Bar Market in Germany, 2021-2031, $ mn 92
Figure 57. Energy Bar Market in U.K., 2021-2031, $ mn 94
Figure 58. Energy Bar Market in France, 2021-2031, $ mn 96
Figure 59. Energy Bar Market in Spain, 2021-2031, $ mn 98
Figure 60. Energy Bar Market in Italy, 2021-2031, $ mn 100
Figure 61. Energy Bar Market in Netherlands, 2021-2031, $ mn 102
Figure 62. Energy Bar Market in Rest of Europe, 2021-2031, $ mn 104
Figure 63. Asia-Pacific Energy Bar Market, 2021-2031, $ mn 107
Figure 64. Breakdown of APAC Energy Bar Market by Country, 2021 and 2031, % of Revenue 107
Figure 65. Contribution to APAC 2022-2031 Cumulative Market by Country, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 109
Figure 66. Energy Bar Market in Japan, 2021-2031, $ mn 111
Figure 67. Energy Bar Market in China, 2021-2031, $ mn 113
Figure 68. Energy Bar Market in Australia, 2021-2031, $ mn 115
Figure 69. Energy Bar Market in India, 2021-2031, $ mn 117
Figure 70. Energy Bar Market in South Korea, 2021-2031, $ mn 119
Figure 71. Energy Bar Market in Rest of APAC, 2021-2031, $ mn 121
Figure 72. South America Energy Bar Market, 2021-2031, $ mn 124
Figure 73. Breakdown of South America Energy Bar Market by Country, 2021 and 2031, % of Revenue 124
Figure 74. Contribution to South America 2022-2031 Cumulative Market by Country, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 125
Figure 75. Energy Bar Market in Argentina, 2021-2031, $ mn 126
Figure 76. Energy Bar Market in Brazil, 2021-2031, $ mn 128
Figure 77. Energy Bar Market in Chile, 2021-2031, $ mn 130
Figure 78. Energy Bar Market in Rest of South America, 2021-2031, $ mn 132
Figure 79. Energy Bar Market in Middle East and Africa (MEA), 2021-2031, $ mn 134
Figure 80. Breakdown of MEA Energy Bar Market by Country, 2021 and 2031, % of Revenue 134
Figure 81. Contribution to MEA 2022-2031 Cumulative Market by Country, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 135
Figure 82. Energy Bar Market in UAE, 2021-2031, $ mn 136
Figure 83. Energy Bar Market in Saudi Arabia, 2021-2031, $ mn 138
Figure 84. Energy Bar Market in South Africa, 2021-2031, $ mn 140
Figure 85. Growth Stage of Global Energy Bar Industry over the Forecast Period 143
Research methodology is mainly referring to the practical how of any offered piece of research. More specifically, it’s all about how a researcher systematically designs a study in order to assure extremely valid as well as reliable results that ultimately address the targets and objectives of the research.
In any formal research including academic journal, article, dissertation and so on, there will be a special section on a research methodology that mainly describes what, by whom, how to gather as well as how to evaluate the data are provided.
This research methodology has been segmented into following types:
Primary Research:
It is said to be original information that the researchers collect for the crucial purposes of answering the research questions of readers with the help of surveys, observations and experiments.
Secondary Research:
The secondary research is the data that has already been collected by various other researchers in the form of government analysis or scientific studies.
Qualitative Research:
It is descriptive and subjective method irrespective of facts. Both observation and description are essential in this type of research methodology. Its main vision is to analyze knowledge, attitudes, behaviours as well as opinions of people related to the topic of any research. This method has been operated through grounded research, case study and actionable research.
Quantitative Research:
It contains several laboratory experiments, basic surveys, mathematical calculations, simulations and so on. The possible measurement, quantity or amount is considered to be a major factor in the quantitative research methodology.
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